硅基多孔氧化铝模板非水电沉积CdS纳米线的研究

纳米材料,包括尺寸为纳米量级的超细微粒?线?薄膜?量子阱和超晶格等引起了人们广泛的重视 [1,2] ?其中 , 半导体纳米微粒和由其构成的纳米固体结构开辟了材料科学研究的新领域?硫化镉 (CdS) 作为一种重要的Ⅱ - Ⅵ族无机半导体材料 , 具有独特的光电性质 , 在光电化学电池和多相光催化反应中都有广泛应用?近年来 , 已有大量关于合成 CdS 纳米结构的文献报导 [3～12] , 所采用的方法如反胶束法?单分子膜法?自组装法以及电化学沉积法等 , 其中非水电解与模板技术相结合的制备方法引起了人们高度的重视并且被广泛的采用?自从 Baranski 等在上…     

高性能多级花状Co3O4基无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器

以硝酸钴、碳酸钠、尿素为原料,泡沫镍为基体,采用水热和煅烧相结合的二步法制备了一种多级花状Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构的无酶葡萄糖传感器。通过X射线衍射与扫描电镜对Co_3O_4/Ni电极的成分及形貌进行了表征,并采用循环伏安法在1mol/L KOH溶液中测试了Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构葡萄糖传感器电极的电化学性能。结果表明,通过二步法在泡沫镍表面制备的Co_3O_4呈现多级花状纳米纤维结构。将制备的Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构作为电极构建的无酶葡萄糖传感器表现出响应时间快(低于5s)、检测灵敏度高(7.4m A·(mmol/L)~(-1)·cm~(-2))、检出限低(1.17μmol/L,S/N=3)和线性检测范围宽(0~5 mmol/L)的特点。进一步的抗干扰性检测表明所制备的传感器在+0.44V vs.SCE对葡萄糖表现出良好的选择性。本文所制备的多级花状Co_3O_4基电极在无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展中有着很大的应用潜力。     

纳米富勒烯(nC60)的生态毒性效应

随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料的应用日趋广泛.同时,纳米材料的大规模生产和应用对人体健康与生态环境可能产生的安全风险也引起了人们的普遍关注.富勒烯是应用最广泛的纳米材料之一,在水中能形成稳定的水溶性纳米颗粒,进而增大其在环境中的迁移性与生物暴露几率.然而目前对纳米富勒烯(nC60)的环境和毒性效应还知之甚少.本文综合评述了水溶性nC60纳米颗粒的制备、稳定机制、在环境中的迁移特性及其与环境中污染物的相互作用,并着重阐述了nC60可能产生的生物毒性效应.分析表明,nC60的生物毒性效应主要与nC60的表面化学特性和颗粒大小有关,同时环境介质也影响nC60的毒性.最后讨论了nC60生态环境效应研究中应加强的若干方面.     

Electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction method for the determination of trace amounts of antipsychotic drugs in biological samples

In this study, a novel ‘fiber‐in‐tube’ configuration was applied to electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of antipsychotic drugs (perphenazine and chlorpromazine) from biological samples. To prepare an electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction column, first eight stainless‐steel wires were placed into the stainless‐steel column. Then, a nanostructured Cu‐Cr‐Al ternary layered double hydroxide/polythiophene coating was prepared on the inner surface of the stainless‐steel tube and on the surfaces of the stainless‐steel wires by a facile in situ electrodeposition method. The nanostructured coating exhibited enhanced long lifetime, good mechanical stability, high porosity, and large specific surface area compared with polythiophene and Cu‐Cr‐Al layered double hydroxide coatings. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.07–0.8 μg/L. This method showed good linearity for perphenazine and chlorpromazine in the ranges of 0.3–300 and 0.2–300 μg/L, respectively, with coefficients of determination more than 0.9982. The inter‐ and intra‐assay precisions (RSD%, n = 3) were in the ranges of 3.0–5.1 and 2.5–4.5% at three concentration levels of 5, 25 and 50 μg/L, respectively. Finally, the method was applied for the analysis of the drugs in human urine and plasma samples.     

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol on Hierarchical Pd/SnO2 Nanosheets with Abundant Pd–O–Sn Interfaces

Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ into fuels using electricity generated from renewable sources helps to create an artificial carbon cycle. However, the low efficiency and poor stability hinder the practical use of most conventional electrocatalysts. In this work, a 2D hierarchical Pd/SnO₂ structure, ultrathin Pd nanosheets partially capped by SnO₂ nanoparticles, is designed to enable multi‐electron transfer for selective electroreduction of CO₂ into CH₃OH. Such a structure design not only enhances the adsorption of CO₂ on SnO₂, but also weakens the binding strength of CO on Pd due to the as‐built Pd–O–Sn interfaces, which is demonstrated to be critical to improve the electrocatalytic selectivity and stability of Pd catalysts. This work provides a new strategy to improve electrochemical performance of metal‐based catalysts by creating metal oxide interfaces for selective electroreduction of CO₂.     

CVD synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes using ferrocene/aniline mixtures

Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been synthesized by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) floating catalyst method using either 4-ferrocenylaniline or mixtures of varying concentrations of ferrocene/aniline together with toluene as added carbon source. The N-CNTs produced are less stable (thermal gravimetric analysis measurements), less graphitic and more disordered (transmission electron microscope measurements) than their undoped counterparts. The ratio of the Raman D- and G-band intensities increase with the nitrogen concentration used during the CNT growth. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies reveal that the CNTs are multi-walled (MW), and that the diameters of the N-MWCNTs can be controlled by systematically varying the concentrations of the nitrogen source. The TEM analysis also revealed that when ferrocenylaniline and ferrocene/aniline reactions are compared at similar Fe/N ratios, higher N doping levels are achieved (ca. 2-5×) when ferrocenylaniline is the catalyst.     

Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of HgTe Nanoplatelets Using Mercury（I） Source

Mercury telluride （HgTe） nanoplatelets were obtained via a facile solvothermal reaction of mercury（I） chloride and tellurium powder in ethylenediamine （en）. Mercury（I） was first applied as the mercury sources to prepare nanocrystal HgTe; moreover, the proposed mechanism for the fabrication of the sample was discussed in detail. The HgTe nanoplatelets were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. The absence of IR absorption may render the title nanocrystal useful as an IR transparent material in the region.     

用热CVD法制备片状碳纳米材料的研究

采用阳极氧化法在草酸溶液中制备了孔径约为100nm的多孔氧化铝(AAO)模板。利用此模板在不负载任何催化剂的条件下,利用热CVD装置制备出片状碳纳米薄膜,并对此片状薄膜做了SEM,TEM显微观察和EDS能谱分析,对其形成条件和生长机理等方面做了探讨分析,为在氧化铝模板上生长包括管状、片状、棒状等形状的碳纳米材料提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Electroanalysis

Pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) have several advantages over other carbon‐based or commercial metal electrodes, including widespread availability, very low cost, and ease of modification. To make the best use of PGEs in electroanalysis, significant recent advances in the development of different nanomaterial‐PGEs have been observed. The literature published up to mid‐2015 is summarized in the present review, with a focus on the various methodologies used to readily modify graphite pencil electrodes using nanomaterials. This review also touches on the surface characterization of these electrodes and their potential applications in a variety of electrochemical detection applications. The review outlines the scope for further research in this area and discusses the importance of surface modifications of conventional PGE electrodes using nanomaterials or a combination of nanomaterials and electroactive polymers.     

水热法合成过渡金属氧化物纳米材料及其在食品安全检测传感器中的应用进展

以Fe,Co,Mn,Zn等过渡金属制备的氧化物纳米材料具有制备简单、形貌可控以及电化学活性高等特点,且可以固定在电极表面,在电化学传感器的应用中显示了广阔前景。该文重点介绍了过渡金属氧化物水热合成方法的研究进展,并简要阐述了基于过渡金属氧化物纳米材料的新型电化学传感器在食品安全快速检测领域的应用进展。